What We Test
We test key biomarkers across heart health, metabolic function,
hormones, inflammation, longevity, and overall wellness.
We test key biomarkers across heart health, metabolic function, hormones, inflammation, longevity, and overall wellness.
What are lab tests and why do they matter?
Lab testing is the foundation of personalized health at My Body Health. It reveals measurable insights from your blood, urine, and other biomarkers—helping you understand everything from hormones and metabolism to inflammation, heart health, and nutrient balance.
But we believe meaningful health clarity comes from more than just lab testing.
We combine advanced lab testing with your lifestyle, goals, medical history, and wearable data to give you a complete view of your health. You’ll understand your results, why they matter, and how to act on them.
Our lab tests are organized by body system, making it easy to understand which areas may need support, attention, or optimization. From hormone balance and metabolic health to cardiovascular risk and nutrient status, the list below outlines what we measure and why it matters.
Whether your goal is to feel better, age well, or understand what’s happening in your body, these lab tests form the foundation of your personalized 90-Day Protocol.
100+ lab tests
Lab tests we test at MyBody Health
Annual members gain access to a comprehensive panel of 100+ laboratory tests covering key areas of health and wellness.
Heart Health
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a key protein present on the surface of lipoproteins that contribute to plaque formation in the arteries. These particles include LDL, VLDL, IDL, and lipoprotein(a), all of which can transport cholesterol into blood vessel walls. Since every atherogenic lipoprotein contains a single ApoB molecule, measuring ApoB provides an accurate estimate of the total number of cholesterol-carrying particles linked to cardiovascular disease. As a result, ApoB testing is often considered a more reliable indicator of heart disease risk than LDL cholesterol alone, particularly in individuals with elevated triglycerides or differences in LDL particle size.
Cholesterol/HDL-C
The Cholesterol/HDL ratio is a calculated value that compares total cholesterol levels with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), often referred to as “good” cholesterol. This measurement provides a broader view of cardiovascular health by evaluating the relationship between cholesterol that may contribute to plaque buildup and HDL’s role in helping remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Because it considers both factors together, the ratio can offer a more meaningful assessment of heart disease risk than either value alone. Diet, physical activity, body weight, metabolic health, and genetic factors can all influence this ratio.
HDL Cholesterol
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is known as the “good” cholesterol because it helps clear excess cholesterol from the blood and carries it to the liver for removal. Higher HDL levels are generally associated with better heart and metabolic health.
LDL Cholesterol
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is commonly known as “bad” cholesterol because elevated levels can contribute to heart disease. However, LDL also plays an important role in delivering cholesterol needed for hormone production, cell function, and vitamin D synthesis. Maintaining healthy LDL levels is important for both cardiovascular and overall health.
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol measures all the 'bad' cholesterol particles in your blood that can contribute to plaque buildup in your arteries. It is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk, often considered even more informative than LDL cholesterol alone. The optimal range for non-HDL cholesterol is 70-99 mg/dL, which is lower than the standard lab reference range (0-130 mg/dL).
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol measures all the 'bad' cholesterol particles in your blood that can contribute to plaque buildup in your arteries. It is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk, often considered even more informative than LDL cholesterol alone. The optimal range for non-HDL cholesterol is 70-99 mg/dL, which is lower than the standard lab reference range (0-130 mg/dL).
Total Cholesterol
Total cholesterol reflects the overall amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream, including LDL, HDL, and VLDL fractions. While cholesterol is essential for hormone production, cell structure, and nervous system function, imbalanced levels—whether too high or too low—can negatively affect health.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a form of fat in the blood that your body uses for energy storage. Any extra calories you consume are turned into triglycerides and stored in fat tissue, then later released when energy is needed between meals. Although they are necessary for normal function, high levels are associated with greater risk of heart disease and metabolic disorders.
Liver Health
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme mainly located in the liver that helps with amino acid metabolism and energy production. When the liver is injured or under stress, ALT is released into the blood, making it a useful indicator of liver health.
Albumin
Albumin is the main protein found in blood plasma and is made by the liver. It helps maintain fluid balance in the bloodstream and carries hormones, vitamins, and medications throughout the body. It is also commonly used as an indicator of liver function and nutritional status.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme present in many tissues, especially the liver, bile ducts, and bones. It is involved in protein breakdown and serves as an important indicator of liver, bile duct, and bone health. Abnormal levels may suggest conditions affecting these organs.
Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme present in the liver and muscles that enters the blood when these tissues are damaged. It is commonly used to evaluate liver function and may also indicate muscle injury. Healthy AST levels are associated with good metabolic and liver health.
AST/ALT Ratio (De Ritis)
The AST/ALT ratio compares two liver enzymes, AST and ALT, that increase in the blood when liver cells are injured. Instead of just showing damage, it helps indicate the likely pattern or cause of liver stress. Since ALT is more liver-specific while AST is also found in muscles and other tissues, their balance can provide clinical clues. Alcohol use, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and some medications can all affect this ratio.
FIB-4 IndexFIB-4 Index
FIB-4 is a calculated score that uses age, AST, ALT, and platelet count to estimate the risk of liver fibrosis. It helps assess possible liver scarring without needing imaging or biopsy. By combining these markers, it reflects liver cell injury and platelet changes associated with advanced disease. Alcohol use, body weight, and metabolic health can all influence the result.
GGT
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) is a liver enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and the body’s detox processes. It is a sensitive marker of liver function and oxidative stress. Higher levels may indicate liver damage or increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
GGT/Platelet Ratio
The GGT-to-Platelet Ratio (GPR) is a calculated marker that combines GGT levels and platelet count to help estimate liver fibrosis risk. It reflects liver and bile duct stress through GGT, while low platelets can indicate more advanced liver changes linked to portal hypertension. Together, these values provide a simple, non-invasive way to screen for possible advanced liver scarring using routine blood tests.
Globulin
Globulins are a group of blood proteins involved in immunity, transport, and other essential body functions. They include antibodies and proteins that carry hormones and nutrients. Their levels help support immune defense and overall physiological balance.
Kidney Health
Albumin (Microalbumin) - Urine
Urine microalbumin tests detect small amounts of albumin in the urine, which healthy kidneys normally keep out. Higher levels may indicate early kidney damage and are also associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Albumin/Creatinine Ratio - Urine
ACR (albumin-to-creatinine ratio) compares urine albumin with creatinine to detect early kidney damage. It identifies tiny amounts of protein leakage that may appear long before standard kidney tests change. A single urine sample is enough, making it a convenient and sensitive marker of kidney stress.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) measures the level of nitrogen from urea, a waste product formed in the liver when protein is broken down. It is removed from the body by the kidneys, making it a useful marker of kidney function, hydration, and protein metabolism.
BUN / Creatinine Ratio
The BUN/Creatinine ratio compares blood urea nitrogen with creatinine levels to evaluate kidney function and hydration status. It can also offer insight into protein metabolism and help identify possible underlying health concerns.
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product formed from normal muscle metabolism and cleared from the body by the kidneys through urine. Its level in the blood is widely used to evaluate kidney function and can also reflect muscle mass and overall metabolic status.
Creatinine - Urine
Creatinine is a stable waste product produced by muscle activity that is continuously filtered by the kidneys into urine. In urine testing, it serves as a reference marker to indicate how concentrated or diluted a sample is. It is often used to normalize other measurements, such as albumin or metabolites, so results can be compared accurately across different hydration states and time points.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) is a calculated value that shows how efficiently your kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. It is a key measure of kidney function and can detect early signs of kidney problems before symptoms develop.
Cancer Detection
PSA Total
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein made by prostate cells, both healthy and cancerous. It is commonly used as a screening marker for prostate health, helping detect prostate cancer early and monitor conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate inflammation.
Female Health
Estradiol
Estradiol is the main form of estrogen found in the blood in both men and women, though at different levels. It plays an important role in bone strength, reproductive function, mood regulation, and cardiovascular health. In women, it also helps control the menstrual cycle and fertility. Low or high levels can lead to hormonal imbalance, affecting bone health, body composition, and overall well-being.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and is essential for reproductive function in both men and women. In men, it supports sperm production, while in women it helps stimulate ovarian follicle growth and regulate ovulation. FSH levels can reflect reproductive and hormonal health in both sexes.
Free Androgen Index
FAI (Free Androgen Index) is a calculated ratio that compares total testosterone with SHBG, the protein that binds testosterone in the blood. It estimates the amount of testosterone that is available for the body to use. Because SHBG levels vary, FAI can better reflect biologically active testosterone than total testosterone alone. Factors like age, body composition, thyroid status, and liver function can affect this value.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is produced by the pituitary gland and is important for reproductive function in both men and women. In men, it stimulates testosterone production in the testes, while in women it triggers ovulation and supports progesterone production. Abnormal LH levels may indicate hormonal imbalance or issues with the pituitary or reproductive organs.
Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone mainly produced by the ovaries that helps regulate the menstrual cycle, support pregnancy, and maintain overall hormonal balance. Low or imbalanced levels may contribute to irregular periods, fertility problems, or menopausal symptoms.
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a liver-produced protein that binds to sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen, controlling how much is available for the body to use. It is an important regulator of hormonal balance and is also linked to metabolic and cardiovascular health.
Testosterone, Bioavailable
Bioavailable testosterone refers to the portion of testosterone in the blood that is either free or weakly bound to albumin, making it available for use by the body’s tissues. It excludes testosterone tightly bound to SHBG. Since SHBG levels can vary with age, health, and lifestyle factors, bioavailable testosterone often provides a more accurate picture of androgen activity than total testosterone alone.
Testosterone, Free
Free testosterone is the small portion of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to proteins and is available for the body to use. It reflects the biologically active hormone that affects muscle, energy, mood, libido, and metabolic health in both men and women. Although levels are much lower in women, this active fraction still plays an important role in overall health.
Testosterone, Total
Testosterone is an androgen hormone produced in both men and women. In men, it is mainly made in the testes, while in women it is produced in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands. It supports muscle and bone strength, energy, mood, libido, and metabolic function. Total testosterone reflects both free and protein-bound hormone circulating in the blood.
Male Health
Estradiol
Estradiol is the main form of estrogen found in the blood in both men and women, though at different levels. It plays an important role in bone strength, reproductive function, mood regulation, and cardiovascular health. In women, it also helps control the menstrual cycle and fertility. Low or high levels can lead to hormonal imbalance, affecting bone health, body composition, and overall well-being.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and is essential for reproductive function in both men and women. In men, it supports sperm production, while in women it helps stimulate ovarian follicle growth and regulate ovulation. FSH levels can reflect reproductive and hormonal health in both sexes.
Free Androgen Index
FAI (Free Androgen Index) is a calculated ratio that compares total testosterone with SHBG, the protein that binds testosterone in the blood. It estimates the amount of testosterone that is available for the body to use. Because SHBG levels vary, FAI can better reflect biologically active testosterone than total testosterone alone. Factors like age, body composition, thyroid status, and liver function can affect this value.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is produced by the pituitary gland and is important for reproductive function in both men and women. In men, it stimulates testosterone production in the testes, while in women it triggers ovulation and supports progesterone production. Abnormal LH levels may indicate hormonal imbalance or issues with the pituitary or reproductive organs.
Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone mainly produced by the ovaries that helps regulate the menstrual cycle, support pregnancy, and maintain overall hormonal balance. Low or imbalanced levels may contribute to irregular periods, fertility problems, or menopausal symptoms.
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is a liver-produced protein that binds to sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen, controlling how much is available for the body to use. It is an important regulator of hormonal balance and is also linked to metabolic and cardiovascular health.
Testosterone, Bioavailable
Bioavailable testosterone refers to the portion of testosterone in the blood that is either free or weakly bound to albumin, making it available for use by the body’s tissues. It excludes testosterone tightly bound to SHBG. Since SHBG levels can vary with age, health, and lifestyle factors, bioavailable testosterone often provides a more accurate picture of androgen activity than total testosterone alone.
Testosterone, Free
Free testosterone is the small portion of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to proteins and is available for the body to use. It reflects the biologically active hormone that affects muscle, energy, mood, libido, and metabolic health in both men and women. Although levels are much lower in women, this active fraction still plays an important role in overall health.
Testosterone, Total
Testosterone is an androgen hormone produced in both men and women. In men, it is mainly made in the testes, while in women it is produced in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands. It supports muscle and bone strength, energy, mood, libido, and metabolic function. Total testosterone reflects both free and protein-bound hormone circulating in the blood.
Thyroid Function
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is released by the pituitary gland and controls the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). These hormones regulate metabolism, energy, weight, and overall body function. Changes in TSH levels can indicate thyroid dysfunction, often before noticeable symptoms develop.
Thyroxine (T4) Free
Free T4 (thyroxine) is the active form of thyroid hormone circulating in the blood that is not bound to proteins. It helps regulate metabolism, energy production, and overall physical and mental function. Balanced levels are important for maintaining normal metabolic health and well-being.
Metabolism & Energy
Glucose
Glucose is the primary sugar in the blood and the body’s main energy source. Fasting glucose measures blood sugar levels after at least 8 hours without food. It is an important indicator of metabolic health, energy regulation, and diabetes risk.
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months by measuring glucose attached to red blood cell hemoglobin. It is an important marker for diabetes risk and overall metabolic health, and it can also indicate cardiovascular risk.
HOMA-IR
HOMA-IR is a calculated score that uses fasting glucose and insulin to estimate insulin resistance. It reflects how much effort the pancreas needs to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It captures the relationship between liver glucose production and insulin response, which becomes less efficient when insulin sensitivity declines. Body fat levels, diet, sleep, and stress can all affect this measure.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that controls blood sugar by helping glucose enter cells for energy. Fasting insulin measures how much insulin is required to maintain stable blood sugar after not eating. High levels can indicate early insulin resistance, even when glucose levels are still normal.
TG/HDL Ratio
TG/HDL is a calculated ratio that compares triglycerides with HDL cholesterol to assess metabolic health. It can help detect early signs of insulin resistance, often before changes appear in glucose or HbA1c. As metabolic dysfunction develops, triglycerides tend to increase while HDL decreases, and this ratio captures that imbalance. It is also associated with a higher likelihood of small, dense LDL particles linked to cardiovascular risk.
TyG Index
TyG is a calculated index that uses fasting triglycerides and fasting glucose to estimate insulin resistance. It provides a simple way to assess metabolic health without needing an insulin measurement. The score reflects how blood sugar and lipid levels rise together when insulin resistance develops. Body composition, diet, sleep, and physical activity can all influence this marker.
Blood Health
Absolute Eosinophils
Eosinophils are white blood cells that help the body respond to allergies and fight certain infections, especially parasites. The absolute eosinophil count is calculated from total white blood cells and gives a more accurate measure than percentage alone. Higher levels may indicate allergies, parasitic infections, or blood disorders, while lower levels can be seen with steroid use.
Absolute Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cells and play a key role in fighting bacterial infections. The absolute neutrophil count is calculated using the total white blood cell count to show the actual number of cells present. High levels may indicate infection, inflammation, or blood disorders, while low levels can suggest reduced bone marrow activity and a higher risk of infection.
Basophils
Basophils are a type of white blood cell involved in immune defense, especially allergic reactions and inflammation. They release histamine and other chemicals that help the body respond to parasites but can also contribute to allergy symptoms when elevated.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in immune defense, especially against parasites and in allergic responses. Higher levels may indicate allergies, infections, or ongoing immune system activity.
Hematocrit
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in your blood and reflects how well oxygen is transported throughout the body. It is an important marker of energy levels, endurance, and overall health.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs. It is essential for energy, brain function, and physical performance. Abnormal levels may indicate underlying health problems.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are essential for immune defense. They include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, which help the body fight infections, respond to vaccines, and detect abnormal or infected cells.
Lymphocytes Percentage
Lymphocyte percentage shows what portion of your white blood cells are lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for fighting infections and building long-term immunity. It reflects how immune cells are distributed within the total white blood cell count, and can shift even when the absolute number of lymphocytes remains unchanged.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It helps indicate how efficiently your blood carries oxygen, which is important for energy and overall health.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) reflects the average amount of hemoglobin within red blood cells. It is used to evaluate how effectively oxygen is carried in the blood and supports insights into energy levels and overall health.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) reflects the average amount of hemoglobin within red blood cells. It is used to evaluate how effectively oxygen is carried in the blood and supports insights into energy levels and overall health.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) measures the average size of your red blood cells. It is used to help detect different types of anemia and assess how well your body produces healthy blood cells. Balanced MCV supports efficient oxygen delivery, which is important for energy and overall health.
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
MPV (mean platelet volume) measures the average size of platelets in your blood, which are responsible for clotting and repair. Larger platelets tend to be more active and may indicate increased platelet production or activation. It is used as a marker of inflammation, cardiovascular risk, and overall platelet function.
Monocytes
Monocytes are white blood cells that support immune defense, inflammation control, and tissue repair. They move through the bloodstream and can transform into macrophages or dendritic cells in tissues, where they help remove infections and damaged cells.
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are white blood cells that serve as the body’s first line of defense against infection. They rapidly respond to injury or invading pathogens, especially bacteria, and help neutralize them. Their percentage in blood reflects immune activity and overall balance.
Platelet Count
Platelet count measures the number of platelets (thrombocytes) in your blood. Platelets are small cell fragments essential for blood clotting and wound healing. Maintaining an optimal platelet count is crucial for preventing both excessive bleeding and unwanted clot formation, both of which can impact long-term health.
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Red blood cell (RBC) count measures how many red blood cells are present in a sample of blood. These cells carry oxygen to tissues and help remove carbon dioxide from the body. Healthy RBC levels are important for energy, stamina, and overall physical function.
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW (red cell distribution width) measures how much red blood cell sizes vary from one another. It helps identify early changes in red blood cell production and can reflect nutrition, inflammation, and overall health status. More consistent red blood cell size is generally linked with better health outcomes.
White Blood Cell Count
White blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of immune cells in your blood that help fight infections and manage inflammation. It is an important indicator of immune system activity and overall health.
Nutrient Levels
Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the body and releases it when needed. It is the primary marker used to estimate total iron stores. Abnormal ferritin levels can impact energy, immunity, and overall health.
Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps carry oxygen in the blood and supports energy production, immune function, and brain performance. It is a key part of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles.
Iron % Saturation
Iron saturation (transferrin saturation) measures how much of the iron transport protein transferrin is carrying iron in the blood. It indicates how much iron is available for essential functions like red blood cell production and energy metabolism. Balanced levels are important for energy, brain function, and overall health.
Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) measures the maximum amount of iron that blood proteins, mainly transferrin, can carry. It helps evaluate how well iron is transported in the body and is used to assess iron deficiency or excess.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) measures the combined levels of vitamin D2 and D3 in your blood. It is essential for bone strength, calcium absorption, immune function, and muscle health. Low levels are associated with weaker bones, fatigue, and a higher risk of infections.
Urine
Amorphous Sediment - Urine
Amorphous sediment in urine consists of tiny, non-crystal particles such as phosphates or urates that appear as granules under a microscope. It is usually harmless and can be influenced by diet, hydration, or urine acidity. In some cases, persistent amounts may indicate concentrated urine or early stone formation.
Appearance - Urine
Urine appearance is a simple indicator of hydration and overall urinary tract health. Healthy urine is usually clear and light yellow in color. Changes such as cloudiness or unusual discoloration may suggest dehydration, infection, or other underlying conditions.
Bacteria - Urine
Bacteria in urine (bacteriuria) can indicate a urinary tract infection or other issues affecting urinary health. It may reflect infection, inflammation, or occasionally sample contamination. A normal finding is no detectable bacteria in healthy individuals.
Bilirubin - Urine
Bilirubin in urine detects a yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. It is usually not present in urine, so its detection may suggest liver or bile duct problems.
Calcium Oxalate Crystals - Urine
Calcium oxalate crystals in urine are mineral deposits formed when calcium combines with oxalate. They can appear in healthy people, often influenced by diet or low fluid intake. However, higher amounts may increase the risk of kidney stones and suggest a need for hydration or dietary review.
Casts - Urine
Urinary casts are cylindrical structures formed in the kidney tubules from proteins, cells, or debris. Different types—such as hyaline, granular, cellular, or waxy—can provide insight into kidney health. Small amounts of hyaline casts may be normal, but other types can suggest kidney inflammation, damage, or infection.
Color - Urine
Urine color is a basic indicator of hydration and overall urinary health. It typically ranges from light yellow to amber, depending on urine concentration and pigment levels. Changes in color can sometimes reflect diet, medications, or underlying health conditions.
Crystals - Urine
Crystals in urine are formed when mineral salts solidify in the urinary tract. Small amounts may be normal and affected by diet, hydration, or urine pH. Certain types, such as calcium oxalate or uric acid crystals, can indicate a higher risk of kidney stones or metabolic imbalance, especially if they persist or appear in large numbers.
Glucose - Urine
Urine glucose testing detects the presence of sugar in the urine. Under normal conditions, the kidneys reabsorb all glucose, so it is not present in urine. When glucose does appear, it may indicate elevated blood sugar levels or impaired glucose regulation, often associated with diabetes or metabolic issues.
Granular Cast - Urine
Granular casts in urine are cylindrical structures formed from broken-down cells and proteins within the kidney tubules. They often indicate kidney stress or tubular injury. While they can appear briefly after exercise or dehydration, persistent or high levels may be associated with kidney diseases such as acute tubular injury or glomerulonephritis.
Hyaline Cast - Urine
Hyaline casts are tube-shaped structures formed from Tamm-Horsfall protein in the kidney tubules. Small amounts can be normal, especially after exercise or dehydration, but higher levels may indicate kidney stress or early renal dysfunction.
Ketones - Urine
Urine ketones measure ketone bodies excreted in the urine, which are produced when the body uses fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. They can appear during fasting, low-carb diets, or intense exercise. This test is often used to monitor metabolic state or detect conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis.
Leukocyte Esterase - Urine
Leukocytes in urine indicate inflammation or infection in the urinary tract. When no leukocytes are detected, it is considered normal and suggests there is no active infection or inflammation present.
Note - Urine
A note in a urine analysis is an additional comment from the laboratory that provides context beyond standard test values. It may describe unusual findings, sample quality issues, or other observations such as contamination or abnormal cell features. While not diagnostic by itself, it helps support more accurate interpretation of the results.
Occult Blood - Urine
Occult blood in urine refers to hidden blood that is not visible but can be detected through testing. It may indicate bleeding anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. Possible causes include infection, stones, or other underlying urinary system conditions.
Ph - Urine
Urine pH measures how acidic or alkaline the urine is, reflecting the body’s acid–base balance. It is influenced by diet, hydration, metabolism, and medications. Balanced urine pH supports kidney health and may help reduce the risk of certain kidney stones.
Protein - Urine
Urine protein testing detects protein in the urine, which is normally kept out by healthy kidneys. When protein is present, it may indicate kidney stress or damage. Persistent protein in urine can be an early sign of kidney disease and is also linked to higher cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Red Blood Cell - Urine
Red blood cells in urine (hematuria) indicate bleeding somewhere in the urinary tract. This can be linked to infection, irritation, kidney stones, or other urinary system conditions. A normal finding is typically 0–2 red blood cells per high power field (HPF).
Renal Epithelial Cells - Urine
Renal epithelial cells in urine are cells shed from the kidney tubules. Small amounts can sometimes appear after exercise or mild stress, but higher levels may suggest kidney inflammation, injury, or infection. They can be associated with conditions such as acute tubular damage or other forms of renal stress.
Specific Gravity - Urine
Urine specific gravity measures how concentrated urine is compared to water. It reflects hydration status and how effectively the kidneys balance fluids and dissolved substances. Healthy levels indicate proper kidney function and fluid balance.
Squamous Epithelial Cells - Urine
Squamous epithelial cells are flat cells that come from the lining of the lower urinary tract. Small amounts in urine are usually normal, but higher levels often suggest sample contamination or, less commonly, irritation or infection.
Transitional Epithelial Cells - Urine
Transitional epithelial cells in urine are cells shed from the lining of the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract. Small amounts are usually normal due to regular cell turnover. Higher levels may suggest irritation, infection, or inflammation of the urinary system, and in some cases may require further evaluation.
Uric Acid Crystals - Urine
Uric acid crystals in urine are formed when uric acid, a normal waste product of metabolism, solidifies in acidic urine. They are often influenced by diet, hydration, or metabolic conditions. While occasional presence can be normal, frequent or high levels may increase the risk of kidney stones or be associated with conditions like gout.
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)- Urine
White blood cells (WBCs) in urine indicate inflammation or infection in the urinary tract. Healthy urine typically contains few or no WBCs. When none are detected, it suggests no current infection or urinary tract inflammation.
Yeast - Urine
Yeast in urine indicates the presence of fungal organisms, most often Candida species, in the urinary tract. Small amounts may be due to sample contamination, but higher levels can suggest a true infection. It is more common in people with diabetes, recent antibiotic use, urinary catheters, or weakened immunity and may require further evaluation.
Electrolytes & Hydration
Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral needed for strong bones and teeth, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. Most of the body’s calcium is stored in bones, with a small amount circulating in the blood to support vital physiological processes.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO₂), measured as bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in blood tests, reflects the body’s acid–base balance. It helps show how well the body maintains stable pH and can provide insight into metabolic and respiratory health.
Chloride
Chloride is an important electrolyte in the blood that works with sodium and potassium to maintain fluid balance, blood pressure, and acid–base stability. It also supports nerve and muscle function, digestion, and overall cellular health.
Potassium
Potassium is an essential electrolyte that supports nerve signaling, muscle contraction, including heart function, and fluid balance in the body. It plays a key role in maintaining cardiovascular health and overall cellular function.
Sodium
Sodium is an essential electrolyte that regulates fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle activity. It also helps maintain blood pressure and overall cellular function. Imbalances in sodium levels can negatively affect health.
Inflammation & Immune System
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) is a blood marker of low-level, systemic inflammation produced by the liver. It is commonly used to assess cardiovascular risk and detect subtle inflammation that may not show up on standard CRP tests.
Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
MLR (monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio) is a calculated marker that compares monocytes, which are linked to chronic inflammation, with lymphocytes, which support adaptive immune response. It reflects the balance between ongoing inflammatory activity and immune regulation. This ratio can help identify low-grade, long-term inflammation and may be influenced by factors such as stress, sleep, diet, and body composition.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte-Platelet Ratio
NLPR is a calculated score that combines neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets to assess overall inflammation. It reflects the balance between innate immunity, adaptive immune response, and platelet activity. This index helps indicate systemic inflammatory and cardiovascular stress and can be influenced by lifestyle and health conditions such as sleep, stress, and exercise.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) is a calculated marker that compares neutrophils, which rise during acute inflammation, with lymphocytes, which support longer-term immune response. It reflects the balance between immediate inflammatory activity and immune regulation. This ratio can help detect systemic inflammation and is influenced by factors such as sleep, exercise, diet, and body composition.
Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is calculated by dividing platelet count by lymphocyte count from a standard blood test. It reflects the balance between inflammation and immune regulation, with platelets linked to clotting and inflammation and lymphocytes representing immune response. PLR is used as an additional marker of systemic inflammation alongside other ratios like NLR.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index
SII (systemic immune-inflammation index) is a calculated score that combines platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes to assess overall inflammation. It reflects the balance between inflammatory activity, immune response, and clotting tendency. This marker provides a broader view of immune and inflammatory status and can be influenced by lifestyle and health factors such as sleep, exercise, and diet.
Systemic Inflammation Response Index
The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) is a calculated marker that combines neutrophils and monocytes, divided by lymphocytes. It reflects the balance between innate inflammatory activity and adaptive immune response. Unlike SII, it does not include platelets and focuses more specifically on immune-driven inflammation. It is derived from a standard complete blood count with differential.
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